在沼氣、焦?fàn)t煤氣、天然氣的凈化之路上，生物脫硫與沼氣脫硫并非兩條平行的技術(shù)路線，而是一對“黃金搭檔”——它們各司其職、協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)，共同完成了從“粗氣”到“凈氣”的蛻變。

On the road of purifying biogas, coke oven gas, and natural gas, biological desulfurization and biogas desulfurization are not two parallel technological routes, but a pair of "golden partners" - they each perform their own duties and work together to complete the transformation from "crude gas" to "clean gas".

“脫硫”與“提純”：兩個層級，一個目標(biāo)。

"Desulfurization" and "purification": two levels, one goal.

要理解二者的關(guān)系，首先需要厘清沼氣脫硫與沼氣凈化提純的區(qū)別。沼氣脫硫是一個特定的預(yù)處理步驟，專注于去除沼氣中的硫化氫（H?S）。而沼氣凈化提純是一個更廣泛、更的處理過程，目標(biāo)是去除沼氣中除了甲烷（CH?）以外的幾乎所有雜質(zhì)，非常終得到高純度、高價(jià)值的生物甲烷。簡單來說，脫硫是凈化提純不可或缺的第一步，但凈化提純的目標(biāo)和要求遠(yuǎn)高于單純的脫硫。

To understand the relationship between the two, it is first necessaryto clarify the difference between biogas desulfurization and biogas purification and purification. Biogas desulfurization is a specific pretreatment step that focuses on removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas. And biogas purification is a broader and more comprehensive treatment process, aiming to remove almost all impurities in biogas except methane (CH?), and ultimately obtain high-purity and high-value biogas. Simply put, desulfurization is an indispensable first step in purification and purification, but the goals and requirements of purification and purification are far higher than simple desulfurization.

在實(shí)際工程中，脫硫與提純往往形成“前后接力”的工藝鏈。以維爾利集團(tuán)在山東日照的生物天然氣代表項(xiàng)目為例，該項(xiàng)目收集生活垃圾滲濾液處理過程中產(chǎn)生的沼氣，采用“濕法脫硫+精脫硫+變壓吸附提純”的完整工藝路線，產(chǎn)出高品質(zhì)生物天然氣約203萬立方米/年。沼氣首先經(jīng)過脫硫環(huán)節(jié)去除H?S，保護(hù)后續(xù)提純設(shè)備不被腐蝕；隨后進(jìn)入變壓吸附（PSA）系統(tǒng)脫除CO?，將甲烷濃度提升至95%以上。這種“先脫硫、后提純”的工藝組合，正是生物脫硫與沼氣提純“雙劍合璧”的典型范例。

In practical engineering, desulfurization and purification often form a "relay" process chain. Taking the benchmark project of Weili Group's bio natural gas in Rizhao, Shandong as an example, the project collects biogas generated during the treatment of domestic waste leachate, adopts a complete process route of "wet desulfurization+fine desulfurization+pressure swing adsorption purification", and produces high-quality bio natural gas of about 2.03 million cubic meters per year. Biogas first undergoes desulfurization to remove H2S, protecting subsequent purification equipment from corrosion; Subsequently, it enters the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to remove CO and increase the methane concentration to over 95%. This process combination of "desulfurization first, purification later" is a typical example of the "dual sword combination" of biological desulfurization and biogas purification.

生物脫硫：沼氣凈化的“第一道防線”。

Biological desulfurization: the "first line of defense" for biogas purification.

生物脫硫作為第三代脫硫技術(shù)，在沼氣凈化中扮演著越來越重要的角色。其工藝通常包含洗滌塔吸收、生物反應(yīng)器轉(zhuǎn)化和硫沉淀分離三個核心步驟，硫化氫去除率高達(dá)99.5%，產(chǎn)物硫磺可作化肥原料。以揚(yáng)州市某廚余垃圾資源化利用項(xiàng)目為例，其沼氣生物脫硫?qū)嵺`為國內(nèi)同類型項(xiàng)目調(diào)試提供了寶貴參考。在大型厭氧消化項(xiàng)目中，水洗和生物脫硫常常被聯(lián)合起來用以去除硫化氫。生物脫硫利用脫硫微生物催化沼氣中的硫化氫，在控制氧氣濃度的條件下將其轉(zhuǎn)化為硫酸或單質(zhì)硫，具有低運(yùn)行成本、環(huán)境友好等特點(diǎn)。

As a third-generation desulfurization technology, biological desulfurization plays an increasingly important role in biogas purification. The process usually includes three core steps: scrubbing tower absorption, bioreactor conversion, and sulfur precipitation separation. The removal rate of hydrogen sulfide is as high as 99.5%, and the product sulfur can be used as fertilizer raw material. Taking a kitchen waste resource utilization project in Yangzhou City as an example, its biogas biological desulfurization practice provides valuable reference for the commissioning of similar projects in China. In large-scale anaerobic digestion projects, water washing and biological desulfurization are often combined to remove hydrogen sulfide. Biological desulfurization utilizes desulfurization microorganisms to catalyze hydrogen sulfide in biogas, converting it into sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur under controlled oxygen concentration conditions. It has the characteristics of low operating costs and environmental friendliness.

提純技術(shù)：從“粗氣”到“綠氣”的非常后一躍。

Purification technology: the final leap from "coarse gas" to "green gas".

在脫硫之后，沼氣提純技術(shù)完成從“粗氣”到“綠氣”的非常后一躍。目前主流的提純方法包括物理吸收法（水洗法）、化學(xué)吸收法（胺洗法）、變壓吸附法（PSA）、膜分離法以及新興的低溫分離法等。水洗法利用CO?在水中溶解度高于CH?的特性進(jìn)行洗滌分離，成本低、操作簡單。PSA變壓吸附在高壓下將CO?吸附、減壓后再釋放，無需水或化學(xué)品。膜分離利用CH?和CO?通過膜的擴(kuò)散速率不同進(jìn)行分離，模塊化強(qiáng)、適合分布式項(xiàng)目。化學(xué)洗滌（MEA）采用胺類溶液吸收CO?后再生，CO?去除率高、氣體純度好。

After desulfurization, biogas purification technology completes the final leap from "crude gas" to "green gas". The current mainstream purification methods include physical absorption (water washing), chemical absorption (amine washing), pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and emerging low-temperature separation methods. The water washing method utilizes the characteristic of CO? Having a higher solubility in water than CH? For washing and separation, with low cost and simple operation. PSA pressure swing adsorption adsorbs CO? Under high pressure, reduces pressure, and then releases it without the need for water or chemicals. Membrane separation utilizes CH? And CO? With different diffusion rates through the membrane for separation, making it highly modular and suitable for distributed projects. Chemical cleaning (MEA) uses amine solution to absorb CO? And regenerate it, with high CO? Removal rate and good gas purity.

從“粗氣”到“凈氣”，生物脫硫與沼氣提純?nèi)缤Ⅰ{齊驅(qū)的雙輪。生物脫硫負(fù)責(zé)“除害”——將硫化氫這一腐蝕性、有毒性的氣體轉(zhuǎn)化為無害的單質(zhì)硫；提純技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)“提質(zhì)”——將甲烷濃度從50%-65%提升至95%以上，使沼氣真正具備與化石天然氣競爭的品質(zhì)。兩者缺一不可、相輔相成，共同構(gòu)建了從廢棄物到綠色能源的完整技術(shù)鏈條。

From "crude gas" to "clean gas", biological desulfurization and biogas purification are like two wheels running parallel. Biological desulfurization is responsible for "pest control" - converting hydrogen sulfide, a corrosive and toxic gas, into harmless elemental sulfur; Purification technology is responsible for "quality improvement" - increasing methane concentration from 50% -65% to over 95%, making biogas truly competitive with fossil natural gas. Both are indispensable and complementary, jointly building a complete technological chain from waste to green energy.

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