當我們確定了總的裝機規(guī)模，接下來就需要確認單機功率。比如面對一個總容量3MW的項目時，該用1臺3MW，還是2臺1.5MW，還是3臺1MW，或者6臺0.5MW？
When we have determined the total installed scale, we need to confirm the single-machine power. For example, when facing a project with a total capacity of 3MW, should we use one 3MW, two 1.5MW, three 1MW, or six 0.5MW?
這個問題實際上答案并不是的，作為用戶，需要考慮的是投資成本和收益，作為供貨商，需要考慮的是如何把自己的產品推出去，兩者有時并不統(tǒng)一，而且用戶有時也需要考慮一些技術和經濟以外的因素。這里老劉撇開其他不相干的，只討論技術問題。
In fact, the answer is not the only one. As a user, we need to consider the cost and benefit of investment. As a supplier, we need to consider how to launch our products. Sometimes the two are not uniform, and users sometimes need to consider factors other than technology and economy. Lao Liu here leaves aside other irrelevant issues and only discusses technical issues.
發(fā)電機組的單機功率越小、臺數(shù)越多，運行起來越靈活，應對特殊情況的能力越強。但相應的，運維工作越復雜，造價也可能會上升。
The smaller the power of a single generator and the larger the number of units, the more flexible the operation and the stronger the ability to deal with special situations. But correspondingly, the more complex the operation and maintenance work is, the higher the cost may be.
機組選型時需要考慮的意外情況有兩種：一是當沼氣產量不足（厭氧發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)剛啟動、原料不足、工藝出現(xiàn)問題等），發(fā)電機不能滿發(fā)，二是有發(fā)電機出現(xiàn)故障（或保養(yǎng)）需要停機，沼氣面臨浪費。
There are two kinds of unexpected situations to be considered in unit selection: first, when the methane production is insufficient (the anaerobic fermentation system has just started, the raw material is insufficient, the process is problematic, etc.), the generator can not be full-blown; second, when the generator fails (or maintains), the generator needs to be shut down, and the methane is facing waste.
應對沼氣產量不足方案是采用多臺裝機，當氣量不足時，可以停掉部分機組，提高運行效率，減少運維成本，有的項目甚至從一開始就可以考慮分批上的方案。
The plan to deal with the shortage of biogas production is to install multiple units. When the gas quantity is insufficient, some units can be shut down, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the operation and maintenance cost can be reduced. Some projects can even consider the plan in batches from the beginning.
應對發(fā)電機故障的方案是合理配置儲氣罐和發(fā)電機組單機容量。沼氣發(fā)電規(guī)范中對于儲氣罐的規(guī)定是“沼氣發(fā)電機組連續(xù)運行時，儲氣裝置容量應按照運行機組總額定功率大于2h的用氣量設計”。
The scheme to deal with generator faults is to rationally allocate the capacity of gas storage tank and generator unit. The regulation of gas storage tank in the code of biogas power generation is that "the capacity of gas storage device should be designed according to the consumption of gas whose total rated power is greater than 2 hours when the biogas generating unit is running continuously".
較大的沼氣發(fā)電項目常見規(guī)模為2-4MW左右，儲氣罐多見2000-5000m3左右，儲罐越大，應對波動能力越強。在穩(wěn)定運行時，氣量一般保持在50%-60%上下。計算下來，3000m3的儲罐，可以接受1MW機組3-5小時的停機時間，一般的小故障夠處理掉了。
The larger the biogas power generation project, the larger the storage tank, the stronger the ability to deal with fluctuations. In stable operation, the gas volume is generally maintained at about 50%0%. Calculated, 3000 m3 storage tank, can accept the -W unit 3-5 hours of downtime, general small fault enough to deal with.
前面的公式里還提到一個裝機余量k，一般取值為1.08~1.20。這個裝機余量的目的之一就是略微加大裝機容量，增加運行的靈活性，即使某臺發(fā)電機組出現(xiàn)較嚴重的故障，一時無法運行，也可以有后備容量頂上，不會造成太大的浪費。同時，日常運行時讓機組有余量，稍微降載運行，故障率也會降低。
The previous formula also mentions an installed margin k, which is generally 1.08-1.20. One of the purposes of this installed margin is to slightly increase the installed capacity and increase the flexibility of operation. Even if a generator unit has a serious fault and can not run for a while, it can also have a backup capacity on top, which will not cause too much waste. At the same time, the daily operation allows the unit to have margin, slightly reduced load operation, the failure rate will also be reduced.
根據(jù)經驗，沼氣發(fā)電項目的裝機數(shù)量一般控制在2-4臺左右。以總裝機3MW為例，2臺1.5MW，3臺1MW都是合理地方案，如果成本允許，3臺1.2MW，甚至4臺0.8MW都是可以接受的，終的選擇要綜合項目其他因素，如造價、發(fā)電效率、老板的意見來確定。
According to experience, the installed number of biogas power generation projects is generally controlled at about 2-4 units. Taking 3MW as an example, 2 1.5MW, 3 1MW are reasonable schemes. If cost permits, 3 1.2MW, or even 4 0.8MW are acceptable. The final choice should be determined by combining other factors of the project, such as cost, power generation efficiency and the views of the owner.
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2019-05-08
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