沼氣發(fā)電是隨著大型沼氣池建設(shè)和沼氣綜合利用的不斷發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的一項(xiàng)沼氣利用技術(shù)，它將厭氧發(fā)酵處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣用于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，并裝有綜合發(fā)電裝置，用以產(chǎn)生電能和熱能。沼氣發(fā)電具有創(chuàng)效、節(jié)能、安全和環(huán)保等特點(diǎn)，是一種分布廣泛并且成本低廉的分布式能源。
Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of large-scale biogas digesters and comprehensive utilization of biogas. It uses the biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation treatment on the engine and is equipped with a comprehensive power generation device to generate electricity and heat energy. Biogas power generation has the characteristics of efficiency creation, energy conservation, safety, and environmental protection, and is a widely distributed and low-cost distributed energy source.
不過值得一提的是，厭氧處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組之前需要進(jìn)行脫硫、脫碳以及脫水等預(yù)處理，由于糞便產(chǎn)生的沼氣除含有大量的甲烷和二氧化碳外，還含有其他如硫化氫、雜質(zhì)、水分、氮氧化合物、硅氧烷等組分。而糞便厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的沼氣中硫化氫H2S含量較大，會對后端的發(fā)電設(shè)備產(chǎn)生腐蝕作用，因此沼氣脫硫是常用的沼氣提純方式。
However, it is worth mentioning that the biogas generated by anaerobic treatment needs to undergo pre-treatment such as desulfurization, decarbonization, and dehydration before entering the power generation unit. As the biogas generated by feces contains not only a large amount of methane and carbon dioxide, but also other components such as hydrogen sulfide, impurities, moisture, nitrogen oxides, and siloxanes. The biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation of feces has a high content of hydrogen sulfide and H2S, which can cause corrosion to the back-end power generation equipment. Therefore, biogas desulfurization is the most commonly used method for biogas purification.
未經(jīng)處理的沼氣是不符合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣體品質(zhì)的要求。沼氣直接進(jìn)入發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，可能會引起功率波動(dòng)、機(jī)組敲缸、停機(jī)甚至爆炸。若氣體只是做了簡單的處理，水分、含塵量、壓力、溫度等均不符合機(jī)組要求。含水量過高會導(dǎo)致凝結(jié)水在管道的大量聚集，機(jī)組的可用率和發(fā)電功率大幅度下降；而含塵量過高會導(dǎo)致壓力損耗過大，且機(jī)組內(nèi)部缸體損耗更為嚴(yán)重；壓力和溫度等不符合機(jī)組要求會導(dǎo)致機(jī)組頻繁跳機(jī)，可用率大幅下降且，同時(shí)增加了維護(hù)檢修成本。而經(jīng)過脫硫等提純處理后的沼氣，機(jī)組的發(fā)電量可以增加70%。沼氣品質(zhì)處理的效果如何，直接影響到終的機(jī)組工作效率，從而影響收益。所以選用好的預(yù)處理設(shè)備進(jìn)行氣體的脫硫、脫碳、除濕、除雜、穩(wěn)壓、恒溫等工作是保證安全和效益的前提。
Untreated biogas does not meet the requirements for engine gas quality. Direct entry of biogas into the engine may cause power fluctuations, unit knocking, shutdown, and even explosions. If the gas is simply treated, the moisture, dust content, pressure, temperature, etc. do not meet the requirements of the unit. Excessive water content can lead to a large accumulation of condensed water in the pipeline, resulting in a significant decrease in the availability and power generation of the unit; Excessive dust content can lead to excessive pressure loss, and the internal cylinder loss of the unit is more severe; Failure to meet the requirements of the unit, such as pressure and temperature, can lead to frequent unit trips, a significant decrease in availability, and an increase in maintenance and repair costs. After purification treatment such as desulfurization, the power generation of the unit can be increased by 70%. The effectiveness of biogas quality treatment directly affects the final efficiency of the unit, thereby affecting revenue. Therefore, selecting good pre-treatment equipment for gas desulfurization, decarbonization, dehumidification, impurity removal, pressure stabilization, constant temperature, and other work is a prerequisite to ensure safety and efficiency.
沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組對使用環(huán)境及沼氣的基本要求包括：
The basic requirements for the use environment and biogas of biogas generator units include:
1. 燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣壓力為2-10kpa,發(fā)電機(jī)組的氣體壓力過高或過低則需加調(diào)壓閥或增壓設(shè)備；
1. The gas inlet pressure is 2-10kpa, and if the gas pressure of the generator set is too high or too low, a pressure regulating valve or boosting equipment needs to be added;
2. 燃?xì)庵胁缓坞x水和大于5μm的游離物質(zhì)，燃?xì)庵辛蚧瘹浜啃璧陀?0ppm； 3. 機(jī)組一般使用環(huán)境：溫度5℃~35℃，海拔高度≤500m；
2. Gas does not contain free water and is greater than 5 μ The free substance of m, the hydrogen sulfide content in the gas must be less than 10ppm; 3. General operating environment of the unit: temperature 5 ℃~35 ℃, altitude ≤ 500m;
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2023-08-16
