沼氣作為*提供農(nóng)戶炊用的一種氣體燃料，應(yīng)有一定的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)。硫化氫是一種帶有臭雞蛋味的無(wú)色有duqi體，也是沼氣中主要的有害成分。它不僅危害人體健康，對(duì)廚房金屬器具、沼氣用具和管道閥門都有較強(qiáng)的腐蝕作用。因此對(duì)于農(nóng)戶炊用的沼氣一定要安裝脫硫器，確保硫化氫的含量?jī)艋?.02g/m3以下。

As a gas fuel used by farmers for cooking, biogas should have certain quality indicators. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and odorless substance with a foul egg odor, and is also a major harmful component in biogas. It not only endangers human health, but also has a strong corrosive effect on kitchen metal appliances, biogas appliances, and pipeline valves. Therefore, for the biogas used by farmers for cooking, it is necessary to install a desulfurizer to ensure that the content of hydrogen sulfide is purified to below 0.02g/m3.

沼氣脫硫的方法有濕法和干法兩種。干法脫硫具有工藝簡(jiǎn)單、成熟可靠和造價(jià)低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前家用沼氣脫硫基本上采用這種方法。

There are two methods for biogas desulfurization: wet method and dry method. Dry desulfurization has the advantages of simple process, mature and reliable, and low cost. At present, this method is mainly used for household biogas desulfurization.

目前市場(chǎng)上有多種戶用干式脫硫器商品，內(nèi)裝質(zhì)量不等的顆粒狀氧化鐵脫硫劑。氧化鐵脫硫劑一般可反復(fù)使用3~4次，但不同質(zhì)量的使用壽命相差近10倍。盡管農(nóng)村條件有限，而自制脫硫器和脫硫劑對(duì)于農(nóng)村沼氣用戶也是十分必要的。

At present, there are various household dry desulfurizer products on the market, which contain granular iron oxide desulfurizers of varying qualities. Iron oxide desulfurizers can generally be reused 3-4 times, but the service life of different qualities varies by nearly 10 times. Although rural conditions are limited, homemade desulfurizers and desulfurizers are also necessary for rural biogas users.

所示為一種簡(jiǎn)易的農(nóng)戶沼氣脫硫器。用兩個(gè)去掉底蓋的類似500mL的飲料瓶、內(nèi)裝一塊鉆有許多ф1~1.5mm小孔的塑料圓片，并蓋有2~3層塑料窗紗疊成的圓墊，再對(duì)接、用塑料管膠帶黏合而成圓柱殼體；兩端瓶蓋分別開孔，黏接上塑料管嘴作為沼氣進(jìn)、出口接頭，打開上端出氣口的瓶蓋即可裝卸粉狀或顆粒狀的脫硫劑了。需要說(shuō)明的是，其使用時(shí)要豎立安裝、塑料圓片在底部，沼氣有下而上通過(guò)。

The shown is a simple household biogas desulfurizer. Two 500mL beverage bottles with bottom caps removed, filled with a plastic disc with many small holes of 1~1.5mm, and covered with 2-3 layers of plastic window screens stacked on a circular pad, are then docked and glued together with plastic tube tape to form a cylindrical shell; Both ends of the bottle caps are opened separately, and plastic pipe nozzles are glued together as biogas inlet and outlet joints. Open the bottle cap at the upper outlet to load and unload powdered or granular desulfurizers. It should be noted that it should be installed vertically, with plastic discs at the bottom, and biogas passing from bottom to top during use.

1、沼氣脫硫劑的配制

1. Preparation of biogas desulfurizer

干法脫硫劑有活性炭、分子篩和氧化鐵等。從使用壽命、運(yùn)行成本、材料易得和使用簡(jiǎn)易便等綜合考慮，目前采用zui多的脫硫劑是氧化鐵。其中常用的配方有如下兩種。

Dry desulfurization agents include activated carbon, molecular sieve, and iron oxide. Taking into account factors such as service life, operating costs, availability of materials, and ease of use, the most commonly used desulfurizer currently is iron oxide. There are two commonly used formulas.

天然沼鐵礦。天然沼鐵礦俗稱“黃土”，一般含0.5%~1%。使用前映均勻噴灑清水，使含水率達(dá)到30%~40%。這種沼鐵礦在我國(guó)黑龍江省的伊春、天津市的薊縣及北京市的懷柔縣等地均有生產(chǎn)。

Natural biogas iron ore. Natural biogas iron ore, commonly known as "loess", generally contains 0.5% to 1%. Spray water evenly before use to achieve a moisture content of 30% to 40%. This type of biogas iron ore is produced in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, Jixian, Tianjin City, and Huairou County, Beijing City, and other places in China.

人工氧化鐵。將粒度為0.6~2.4mm的鑄鐵屑（或鐵屑）和木屑按質(zhì)量比為1：1摻混，灑水后充分翻曬進(jìn)行人工氧化；在使用前再摻混0.5%的熟石灰，以調(diào)節(jié)脫硫劑的pH值達(dá)到8~9，并均勻噴灑清水，使含水率達(dá)到30%~40%。

Artificial iron oxide. Mix cast iron chips (or iron chips) with wood chips with a particle size of 0.6-2.4mm in a mass ratio of 1:1, sprinkle water, and thoroughly sun dry for artificial oxidation; Before use, mix 0.5% hydrated lime to adjust the pH value of the desulfurizer to 8-9, and evenly spray clean water to achieve a moisture content of 30%~40%.

對(duì)于一般的農(nóng)村沼氣而言，采用人工氧化鐵法是zui方便和的。但是，如果有山西省汾陽(yáng)催化濟(jì)廠生產(chǎn)TG型、北京南郊科星凈化劑廠生產(chǎn)的TTL—2型及上海煤氣公司生產(chǎn)的PM型脫硫劑，也可購(gòu)買使用。其脫硫效果好、使用壽命長(zhǎng)。

For general rural biogas, using artificial iron oxide method is convenient and feasible. However, if there are TG type desulfurizers produced by Shanxi Fenyang Catalytic Plant, TTL-2 type desulfurizers produced by Beijing Nanjiao Kexing Purification Plant, and PM type desulfurizers produced by Shanghai Gas Company, they can also be purchased and used. Its desulfurization effect is good and its service life is long.

2．干式脫硫劑的再生與交換

2. Regeneration and exchange of dry desulfurizers

沼氣脫硫劑中氧化鐵為土黃色。當(dāng)沼氣中的硫化氫與氧化鐵接觸起化學(xué)反應(yīng)生成的硫化鐵呈灰黑色時(shí)，脫硫劑失去效力，則要再生或更換。將失效的脫硫劑從瓶?jī)?nèi)倒出，先用清水沖洗以去除由沼氣帶來(lái)的泥沫，然后攤曬在水泥地面上并適當(dāng)翻曬（能噴灑少量的稀氨水），利用空氣中的氧氣將硫化鐵又氧化成氧化鐵。當(dāng)沼氣脫硫劑由灰黑色又變成土黃色時(shí)，則再生過(guò)程完成。自制的脫硫劑，再生兩次就應(yīng)更換新的脫硫劑。

The iron oxide in the biogas desulfurizer is soil yellow. When the hydrogen sulfide in biogas comes into contact with iron oxide through a chemical reaction, the resulting iron sulfide turns gray black, and the desulfurizer loses its effectiveness, it needs to be regenerated or replaced. Pour out the ineffective desulfurizer from the bottle, rinse with clean water to remove the mud foam brought by biogas, then spread it on the cement floor and turn it over appropriately (able to spray a small amount of dilute ammonia water), and use oxygen in the air to oxidize iron sulfide back into iron oxide. When the biogas desulfurizer changes from gray black to earthy yellow, the regeneration process is completed. The self-made desulfurizer should be replaced with a new one after being regenerated twice.

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