如果說化學(xué)脫硫是利用“強力藥劑”進行暴力去除，那么生物脫硫則是利用微生物的“巧勁”實現(xiàn)合理轉(zhuǎn)化。作為一種環(huán)境友好型的新技術(shù)，生物脫硫正憑借其低運行成本和無二次污染的特性，引領(lǐng)著沼氣凈化領(lǐng)域的綠色革命。

If chemical desulfurization uses "strong agents" for violent removal, then biological desulfurization utilizes the "ingenuity" of microorganisms to achieve precise transformation. As an environmentally friendly new technology, biological desulfurization is leading the green revolution in the field of biogas purification with its low operating costs and no secondary pollution.

微觀世界的“吃硫”機制生物脫硫的核心在于一類特殊的微生物——硫桿菌。在生物脫硫塔中，這些好氧或兼性厭氧的微生物附著在填料表面形成生物膜。當(dāng)含有硫化氫的沼氣與循環(huán)液接觸時，硫化氫首先溶解于水中形成HS?離子，隨后被生物膜吸附。

The core of the "sulfur eating" mechanism in the microscopic world of biological desulfurization lies in a special type of microorganism - sulfur bacteria. In the biological desulfurization tower, these aerobic or facultative anaerobic microorganisms attach to the surface of the packing material to form a biofilm. When biogas containing hydrogen sulfide comes into contact with circulating liquid, hydrogen sulfide first dissolves in water to form HS ? ions, which are then adsorbed by biofilm.

在微生物體內(nèi)，硫化氫被作為能源物質(zhì)進行氧化代謝。通過準(zhǔn)確控制反應(yīng)器內(nèi)的溶解氧含量，我們可以引導(dǎo)微生物將硫化氫轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫（S?）或硫酸根（SO?2?）。理想狀態(tài)下，我們控制反應(yīng)停留在生成單質(zhì)硫的階段，這些淡黃色的硫磺粉末不僅無毒，還可以作為工業(yè)原料回收，真正實現(xiàn)了“變廢為寶”。

In microbial bodies, hydrogen sulfide is used as an energy source for oxidative metabolism. By precisely controlling the dissolved oxygen content inside the reactor, we can guide microorganisms to convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur (S ?) or sulfate ions (SO ?2 ?). In an ideal state, we control the reaction to remain in the stage of generating elemental sulfur. These pale yellow sulfur powders are not only non-toxic, but can also be recycled as industrial raw materials, truly achieving the goal of "turning waste into treasure".

目前的生物脫硫工藝主要分為“一體式”和“分離式”。

The current biological desulfurization processes are mainly divided into "integrated" and "separated" types.

一體式工藝（In-situ）非常為巧妙，它直接向厭氧發(fā)酵罐或?qū)ｉT的生物洗滌塔中注入微量的空氣（氧氣）。利用沼氣中原本存在的微生物或投加的菌種，在塔內(nèi)直接完成脫硫。這種方法無需復(fù)雜的再生系統(tǒng)，設(shè)備投資出彩低，但需要嚴(yán)格控制注氧量，以防沼氣中氧氣含量超標(biāo)引發(fā)安全隱患。

The in-situ process is the most ingenious, as it directly injects a small amount of air (oxygen) into anaerobic fermentation tanks or specialized biological washing towers. Utilize the existing microorganisms or added bacterial strains in biogas to directly achieve desulfurization inside the tower. This method does not require a complex regeneration system and has extremely low equipment investment, but it requires strict control of oxygen injection to prevent safety hazards caused by excessive oxygen content in biogas.

分離式工藝（Ex-situ）則將脫硫過程獨立出來。沼氣進入生物洗滌塔，硫化氫被堿液吸收后，富含硫氫根的液體進入再生塔，在那里與空氣和微生物接觸再生，釋放出單質(zhì)硫。雖然流程稍顯復(fù)雜，但其安全性更高，脫硫效率更穩(wěn)定，且能副產(chǎn)高純度的生物硫磺。

The Ex situ process separates the desulfurization process independently. Biogas enters the biological washing tower, and hydrogen sulfide is absorbed by alkaline solution. The liquid rich in sulfur hydrogen ions enters the regeneration tower, where it comes into contact with air and microorganisms for regeneration, releasing elemental sulfur. Although the process is slightly more complex, it has higher safety, more stable desulfurization efficiency, and can produce high-purity biological sulfur as a byproduct.