在沼氣提純的工程實(shí)踐中，變壓吸附（PSA）與膜分離技術(shù)是目前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常為激烈的兩種主流路線。對(duì)于投資者而言，如何在這兩者之間做出抉擇，直接關(guān)系到項(xiàng)目的投資回報(bào)率。

In the engineering practice of biogas purification, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and membrane separation technology are currently the two most fiercely competitive mainstream routes. For investors, how to make a choice between these two directly affects the investment return rate of the project.

變壓吸附（PSA）工藝可以被視為一位“經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老將”。它通過四個(gè)或更多的吸附塔，利用時(shí)間程序控制閥門的開關(guān)，實(shí)現(xiàn)吸附與再生的循環(huán)。PSA的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其對(duì)原料氣的適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，即便沼氣中雜質(zhì)波動(dòng)較大，也能產(chǎn)出高純度的天然氣。同時(shí)，PSA技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展多年，供應(yīng)鏈完善，維護(hù)人員容易招聘。然而，PSA的缺點(diǎn)也顯而易見：設(shè)備龐大，閥門數(shù)量多導(dǎo)致故障點(diǎn)增加，且由于解吸過程中會(huì)帶走部分甲烷，其甲烷回收率通常在90%-95%之間，這意味著有5%-10%的能源被浪費(fèi)。

The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process can be regarded as an experienced veteran. It achieves a cycle of adsorption and regeneration through four or more adsorption towers, using a time program to control the opening and closing of valves. The advantage of PSA lies in its strong adaptability to raw gas, which can produce high-purity natural gas even if the impurities in biogas fluctuate greatly. Meanwhile, PSA technology has been developed in China for many years, with a well-established supply chain and easy recruitment of maintenance personnel. However, the drawbacks of PSA are also obvious: the equipment is large, the number of valves increases the number of failure points, and due to the desorption process taking away some methane, its methane recovery rate is usually between 90% -95%, which means that 5% -10% of energy is wasted.

相比之下，膜分離技術(shù)則像是一位“精致的特種兵”。它不需要復(fù)雜的閥門切換和運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，核心僅在于膜組器。原料氣加壓后進(jìn)入膜組，CO?透過膜壁被分離，CH?則在高壓側(cè)富集。膜分離的非常大優(yōu)勢(shì)是模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，占地面積僅為PSA的1/3左右，且啟動(dòng)迅速，操作出彩其簡(jiǎn)單，甚至可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無人值守。其甲烷回收率通常也能達(dá)到95%-98%。但是，膜分離對(duì)進(jìn)氣預(yù)處理要求，嚴(yán)格脫除H?S、水和油，否則膜組件容易中毒或堵塞，且更換膜組件的成本較高。

In contrast, membrane separation technology is like a 'sophisticated special forces soldier'. It does not require complex valve switching and moving parts, the core is only the membrane module. After the raw gas is pressurized, it enters the membrane group, where CO is separated through the membrane wall and CH is enriched on the high-pressure side. The biggest advantage of membrane separation is its modular design, which occupies only about one-third of the PSA area, and has fast start-up, extremely simple operation, and can even achieve unmanned operation. Its methane recovery rate can usually reach 95% -98%. However, membrane separation requires extremely high pre-treatment of the intake air, and it is necessary to strictly remove H2S, water, and oil, otherwise the membrane components are prone to poisoning or blockage, and the cost of replacing the membrane components is high.

在實(shí)際選擇中，如果項(xiàng)目規(guī)模巨大（如日產(chǎn)氣量數(shù)萬立方），且對(duì)甲烷回收率出彩其敏感，PSA或化學(xué)吸收法可能更合適；而對(duì)于中小規(guī)模、用地緊張、追求自動(dòng)化程度的分布式能源站，膜分離技術(shù)則更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

In practical selection, if the project scale is huge (such as daily gas production of tens of thousands of cubic meters) and it is extremely sensitive to methane recovery rate, PSA or chemical absorption method may be more suitable; For small and medium-sized distributed energy stations with limited land resources and a pursuit of automation, membrane separation technology is more competitive.

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